The Ownership Of A Liquor Business - 1691 Words

Statement of purpose We would like to take over the ownership of a liquor business named By-Pass Liquor store located at 3118 South School Avenue, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701. This is a turnkey business with good costumer flow and in a prime location of Southern Fayetteville. The business property is in market for a listing price of $335,000 for real-estate, furniture equipment, building and including inventory about $30,000. In order to transfer the ownership of this business to us we are seeking funding from the First state bank, and it will be utilized to buy the real-estate, all the equipment and inventory. We also have cash amount about $135,000 that also can be used to operate and improve the business. Repayment of the loan and interest can begin promptly as the bank s policy. We have already seen all the paperwork and monitored this business, and from our observation and experience we are pretty sure that this business can repay the mortgage and give us $5000.00 of net profit monthly. This sale of the goods of this business is consistent, and has been serving the costumers for a long time since 1978. Because of our long experience in Liquor store and Convenience store, it is easy for us to operate and keep the record of the stock, inventory and accounting. We work hard and we also have very good customer service experience with great work ethics. We are very sincere at work and maintained credit very well. We wanted to work for ourselves and moreover, we haveShow MoreRelatedSouth Korea - Mode of Entry968 Words   |  4 Pagescollaborative arrangement between firms, sometimes potential or actual competitors, across borders * Based on sharing of vital information, assets, and technology between the partners * Have the effect of weakening the tie between potential ownership advantages and company control * Advantages: * Facilitate entry into market * Share fixed costs * Bring together skills and assets that neither company has or can develop * Establish industry technologyRead MoreThe Fourteenth Amendment And The Prohibition Of Intoxicating Liquors Within The United States1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe 18th Amendment states: â€Å"Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all the territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. Section 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Section 3. This article shallRead MoreBusiness Plan1500 Words   |  6 PagesQuicker Liquor, LLC Business Plan Auburn, AL Table of Contents I. Table of contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 II. Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....3 III. General Company Description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....4 IV. Products and Services†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 V. Marketing Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6-7 VI. Operational Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 VII. Management and Organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 VIII. Startup Expenses and Capitalization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 II. Executive Summary Read MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin And The Sun, There Is A Poem By Langston Hughes1034 Words   |  5 Pagesnot talk about it mainly due to the fact she feels that is not Christian of her to do so. When it comes to Walter’s dream of opening a liquor store she is openly hostile to the idea. Walter on the other hand, wants to use his late father’s life insurance money to open up a liquor store but his major flaw is: he’s constantly dreaming too far ahead and making his liquor store idea that of pie-in-the-sky. He dreams of owning a company where he has secretaries, owns two cars one for him, and the otherRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1590 Words   |  7 Pagestoward the legalization due to the shifts over time take into consideration a shockingly exact reproduction of four decade of American social history. In November 2012, voters in Colorado and Washington State passed a law allowing, dispersion, and ownership of marijuana for medical and recreational use. This paper does not address the subject of whether cannabis ought to be legal; it concentrates on the configuration contemplation of making an adjustment in cannabis strategy. Regardless of whether marijuanaRead MoreAnalysis Of Walter Lees Dream In A Raisin In The Sun900 Words   |  4 Pagesdr eam of owning a liquor store is not the right path for the family, she believes her dream will be most beneficial for everyone. In addition, Ruth is pregnant and yet it is not her only dream to become a mother, she dreams for roots and to live comfortably. Pride in ownership, as well as financial success and family stability not only conflict with each other yet all depend on one check. Walter Lee’s dreams are deeper and more complex than him simply wanting to open a liquor store. He despisesRead MoreEssay on The Brown-Forman Corporation1386 Words   |  6 Pagesthe fact that these figures translate to nearly four million American jobs (through the varied and associated positions that support the enterprise) and $90 billion in wages. It would not be an understatement to offer that the Distilled and Blended liquor industry is formidable on its own; and there are only twenty major ‘players’ that generates ninety percent of all wine and spirits revenue in the country. Brown-Forman strategies Research shows that the spirits and wine industry is fairly recessionRead MoreSABMiller Marketing Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesacquisition of Miller ensured a greater balance between a cash-generative mature market and the cash-consuming developing markets. However, ‘negative impact of brand, pack and geographic mix, increased cost of raw materials and greater energy costs make business in the USA difficult. (SABMiller, 2003, p. 8) Figure 1.1 (http://www.sabmiller.com) 1.2.3. Social Analysis SABMiller assess their alcohol issues policy regularly to ensure responsible advertising, packaging, promotions and that the underageRead MoreApplication Of Planning Approval And Building Permit1612 Words   |  7 Pageswith Diagram and Strata Plans are also to be submitted with the approval form. These could be acquired through the Landgate website of the Government of Western Australia (www.landgate.wa.gov.au). The Certificate of Title distinguishes the property ownership, survey plans, and any notices and warnings against the title (West Australian Land Information Authority 2015). A Strata Plan covers the sketches of the building, lot sizes, title details, unit entitlement and common property, and any notices andRead MoreImportance And Challenges Of The Hospitality Industry1043 Words   |  5 Pages2014.) To make a difference between lodging properties can be not just by size, amenities offered, price or type of guests, can take place by type of ownership. Independent ownership and Chain ownership. An individual or company opened a hotel and managed it with complete responsibility, owner(s) had complete control over every aspect over their business, they can make changes any time, test their ideas. On the opposite side there is a lots of financial challenges, what chains might not experience.

Analysis Of Frederick Douglass s World Literature

Jenifer E. Forrest Leslie Lovenstein World Literature from 1650 to the Present - Online 26 November 2014 Frederick Douglass: From Chains to Podium When a man grows up as an untaught slave in the southern eighteenth-century, he has no other ambitions than to be free. But for Frederick Douglass, freedom was merely step one. Douglass began his life on a plantation owed from the moment he arrived. He was not destined to stay put there. Born in (what he can come close to) 1818, he began life out as a man in chains but ended up a respected wordsmith, but still apologetic for his short comings. Douglass learned how to read, write, and give speeches; he influenced a nation for changes among writers today; and he had different approaches to the era he lived in, but knew he wanted change to exist among all. These things were needed to occur in order for the slavery and African-American society to be recognized as equals among all. His wit was not small nor was his leadership not seen as defiance. Each step of his journey, brought him to a different place where he faced a challenge that could not have been met any other way, but with stre ngth and education where he was successful in obtaining. Douglass was not only a speaker, but was an author of his time. Many colleagues wrote of him and his life even after he passed away. In Douglass’ works he spoke of his ignorance and blunders, but continued to sow his good seed. In the book â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas anShow MoreRelatedEssay about Narrative of Life of Frederick Douglass893 Words   |  4 Pages‘Narrative of life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself’ is still the most highly acclaimed American autobiography ever written. It was published seven years after Douglass escaped from his life as a slave in Maryland. It describes his experience of being slave and his psychological insights into the slave-master relationship. The main focus is on ‘How he learn to read and write ‘and ‘the pain of slavery.’ The goal of this paper is to bring more insight analysis of his narrativeR ead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have penned down theirRead MoreJacobs Douglass: An Insight Into The Experience of The American Slave1019 Words   |  5 Pagesrapes. The slave narrative of Frederick Douglas and Harriet Jacobs: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl themes come from the existence of the slaves morality that they are forced compromise to live. Both narrators show slave narratives in the point of view of both men and women slaves that had to deal with physical, mental, and moral abuse during the times of slavery. (Lee 44) Violence was almost an everyday occupancy in the life of a slave, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs had to acceptRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave Essay2361 Words   |  10 PagesEssays ââ€" » Analysis eText ââ€" » Reference Teacher Resources ââ€" » More ââ€" » Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Summary Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave cover image summary In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass recounts his experiences as a slave. He details the horrors of growing up on a plantation, being subjected to extreme racism, and running away to freedom. He later became an influential writer and activist. Douglass describesRead MoreTrickery in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass1880 Words   |  8 Pagesthus they do not survive. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, Douglass harnesses the ability to conform to the world of trickery and conveys his journey to freedom. Through his appeal to pathos, use of dramatic asides, and application of anecdotes, Douglass expresses the necessity of slaves to play the game of trickery to survive in the world of tricksters. Effectively establishing an appeal to pathos, Douglass emphasize his raw emotions to the reader, allowing theRead More African American Culture through Oral Tradition Essays3405 Words   |  14 PagesTradition Folktales are another essential aspect of African American oral tradition. The term folklore emerged in the 19th century as African Americans began their national quest for an independent language, a separate history, and a representative literature, along with a special folklore. The folklore of a group of people consists of two essential characteristics: what this group traditionally says (songs, tales, proverbs) and what they traditionally do (weaving, dance, rituals). Each folktale is theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn 1970 Words   |  8 PagesHuckleberry Finn is considered significant and influential to American literature and academic study today—Ernest Hemmingway claimed that all American literature sprang from this book (Mintz). In order to point out the injustices of antebellum southern society, Twain masterfully utilizes numerous literary elements, and studying these elements is not only useful, but vital for students to learn how to understand and analyze literature. First, Twain humorously presents southern society through a flippantRead MoreThe Role Of Black Women And The 18th And 19th Century Art1659 Words   |  7 Pagesa general and social commentary on the depiction of African Americans in the 18th and 19th century art canon, painted by contemporary artist Titus Kaphar, have given a voice to Black figures in the historical and artistic context. In The Preacher s Wife (2010), a painting part of the ‘Classical Disruption’ exhibition, Kaphar seeks to explore the role of black women and their misrepresentation in the 18th and 19th art historical trajectories. Recreating paintings by great American artists such asRead MoreBibliographic Essay on African American History6221 Words   |  25 PagesBedford Books of St. Martin s Press, 1995). Questions regarding the veracity of Equiano’s richly detailed book, which is not at variance with others on the subject, surfaced soon after it appeared in 1787. Vincent Carretta’s â€Å"Olaudah Equino or Gustavus Vassa? New Light on an Eighteenth-Century Question of Identity,† Slavery and Abolition 20 (December 1999): 96-103, delivers a succinct discussion of the matter. An overview of other narratives appears in Jerome S. Handler, â€Å"Survivors ofRead MoreHrm Policies10725 Words   |  43 PagesEssentially, the purpose of HRM is to maximize the productivity of an organization by optimizing the effectiveness of its employees. This mandate is unlikely to change in any fundamental way, despite the ever-increasing pace of change in the business world. As Edward L. Gubman observed in the Journal of Business Strategy, the basic mission of human resources will always be to acquire, develop, and retain talent; align the workforce with the business; and be an excellent contributor to the business.

Creativity art Free Essays

The Creativity Spirit During my entire life I encountered a creativity killer. The type of the killer that Eve encountered are surveillance, evaluation, rewards, competition, and pressure. The reason why I encountered the type of killer of surveillance was because during in every classroom I had through my life from K-8, the teacher will always watch my classroom work not letting me to take the risk of being creative in learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity art or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another type of killer Eve got through my life was evaluation because through-out my life Eve always had other people Judging on what I was doing, they wouldn’t satisfy themselves of me being myself. The other killer that Eve encountered in my life is rewards because every time in my life when I tried to achieve a goal that I set my self I would always rewards myself with success. Competition Killer Eve also encountered through-out my life because since I have played soccer my entire life Eve always faced competition. Finally the last type of killer that I faced in my life Is pressure cause since I’m the oldest out of my brother and sister. I’m trying to set an example for them so I feel like I have a lot of pressure because I feel like I need to establish grandiose expectation for them. I feel that Creativity Killers do impact learning and creating in college student because I feel that they need to be free to learn and be creative to learn. Also adults enter ultimate state of creativity called flow in which whole absorption can provoke peak desire and creativity. I feel that It’s a mixed Impact of positive and negative . How to cite Creativity art, Papers

Symposium Next Generation Infrastructure †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Symposium Next Generation Infrastructure? Answer: Introduction Aurizon is a publicly listed rail freight company in Australia. The company was formally owned by the Government of Queensland and the companys assets were transferred to QR National Limited, in July 2010. It is Australia's major rail freight company. The company was established in 2004/05 financial year after Queensland Rail's coal, bulk and containerised business units were brought under one name. The company is formed with a motive to function freight services in Queensland and around Australia. They are constantly expanding by forming business contracts by the acquisition of new businesses. QR National was rebranded in December 2012 as Aurizon (Company Overview, 2017). The company on an average move more than 700,000 tonnes of coal, iron ore and other minerals across the nation. They have operations across five states in Australia, and manage the 2,670 kilometre Central Queensland coal network linking mines to coal ports at Bowen, Gladstone and Mackay. The company has four main product lines for customers i.e.: Network, Coal, Bulk, and Intermodal. Moreover they are providing with a range of expert services in rail design, engineering, building, organization and protection, and offer extensive supply chain solutions to miscellaneous variety of clientele (Murdoch, 2017). The success and future growth of Aurizon largely depend upon key demand drivers of the Australian capital division in international market. This has helped in enhancing continuing power of the Australian economy. Aurizon is well-placed to assist a continuous long-standing expansion in demand for coal and iron ore. It is forming business alliances with the expanding Asian economies such as China and India. They have implemented a chief improvement and business alteration agenda since its privatisation and listing on the ASX in November 2010. Through the company transformation the company is able to manage security, customer service, operational brilliance, efficiency, and innovation. They are striving for world-class performance through an effective program. Important Features of Intermodal The long haul domestic intermodal services provide with a cost saving process compared to over-the truck services. The total saving in this process is greater than any other form of benefit (Christopher, 2016). Reduced carbon emission This process provides an environmental benefit compared to the other services. A truck transporting cargo on a long distance releases an excess of carbon footprint. The same amount of cargo when transported via intermodal services releases less carbon. This will help companies in gaining their sustainable corporate goals (Rushton, Croucher and Baker, 2014). Reduced fuel cost By shipping intermodal by rail is 2 times more fuel efficient than by the truck. The railroad can move a ton of freight over 400 mingles on one gallon of fuel. This creates effectiveness in terms of gaining business goal (Fernie and Sparks, 2014). Improved safety and security The rail services are safer than over-the truck services. The number of accidents through the rail road is lesser than the truck. The rail roads have an outstanding track record of safely transporting the goods. Additional, rail transportation is safer than any other mean of transportation (Brindley, 2017). Reduces highway congestion One intermodal train do takes around 300 long haul trucks off of the crowded highways (Waters and Rinsler, 2014). Truck driver Shortage There is shortage of truck drivers which is likely to increase in coming years. The capacity of long haul truck drivers is also reduced affecting the supply chain. The capacity of drivers is more likely to be affected in coming years creating a wide gap in demand and supply (Brandenburg, Govindan, Sarkis and Seuring, 2014). Situational analysis The coal hauler and railway owner Aurizon Holdings is willing to cut down a job of 250 people outside Queensland due to underperformance of intermodal freight business. They have closed their intermodal business by selling the business to Pacific National and Lindsay Foxs Linfox to focus on its core business. The announcement came out due to its first full year loss from Queensland Rail in 2010. The organization has signed a deal with the buyer companies which involve 350 people working on it. It is due to a challenging intermodal market and the abandonment of the overhaul system that led to impairment in the first half (Layt, 2017). Challenges i the intermodal have created a loss with a loss of a $162 Million. Despite of the recent challenges within the intermodal market there are impacts on the cost side of the business causing an overall decline in the profitability. The company has abandoned a $ 91 million freight management Transformation project launched in 2014 with an aim of consolidating 18 separate legacy system for logistic planning, scheduling, ordering and billing(Chambers,2017). They are also facing redundancy cost due to the continuous loss faced in the recent time-period. Team Aurizon is planning to get back to the status quo by developing core competencies. In this way they are planning to incorporate changes in a systematic way. The future of intermodal business is based on managing situation in an appropriate way and by designating a solution (Ghaderi, Namazi-Rad, Cahoon and Fei, 2015). The problem faced by Aurizon has multiple impacts on the future of logistic management and control. The system coordinated project is not delivering value for the business creating a high risk of over spend and delay. It is only through the undertaken of review the company is receiving at present through which they can create future value and position (Abc.net, 2017). Strategies to overcome issues Data availability is an important part in the decision making process. It influences the preference of most suitable technique and feature to state the accuracy. The pressure for efficiency and effectiveness creates a necessity to provide quality services and product at a reduced cost. Mass invidualization is a product of the reduction in shipment sizes creating an increase in the services. The intermodal function in todays market scenario is to serve multiple purposes to achieve goals (Bhattacharya, Kumar, Tiwari and Talluri, 2014). It aims is to manage the shipment on the international basis within a reasonable time and a competitive basis. The performance of the framework is to enhance the overall capabilities. It is related to the location of the cost structure and location transfer point. Some of the concern related to the business structure is playing an appropriate role in handling situation. In managing such a critical situation it is important to manage the cost structure in an appropriate way. For the reason it is evident to manage the loss that is caused due to ineffectiveness of the process (Li, Negenborn and De Schutter, 2015). Any model need to consider the reverse flow necessary to recall and return warranty claim. It is however important to ensure a regular logistic flow. Intermodal is an efficient model that is been used to manage the various inter-related factors. The purpose is to gain the relevancy in case of carrying goods from one place to other (Woxenius, Macharis, Meers and Woodburn, 2017). Intermodal transport is applied to transportation of goods to some hinterland. This operating system allow in managing logistic operations. The purpose can only be met if the extra operating cost included in the operations can be reduced. This allow in managing the excess cost attached to the operator. While integrating the approach related to intermodal concept is to manage the excess cost attached by shifting the negative impact of road transport es pecially on the road. Moreover it can focus on developing venture with the private sector in order to enhance the productivity. In addition to transportation, Intermodal is operating one of the worlds largest coal rail networks with 2,700 kms of heavy haul rail infrastructure. In the existing context it is connecting mining customers in the Queensland coalfields with key ports. There are possibilities that the company can excel in the given context if made available. The Operations business should range from specialist services to service the industry as well as rail design engineering. This will ensure the company in managing the loss. By diversifying the technology and effectiveness through applicable enhancement and knowledge development, it is able to manage the changes in a better way. They need to offer large scale supply chain solutions in order to provide a diverse range of customers Australia-wide (Mathisen and Hanssen, 2014). There is a restricted scope in the intermodal industry due to a heavy expense. In order to manage the operation it is important to allow effectiveness not only in the respective model but also in a wider section allowing growth. Expansion in the field is only possible if the production is carried with an effective project management plan. In this way they are able to take care of the stakeholders as well. In a wider prospect it is relevant for business to justify its existence by managing the operations (Santos, Limbourg and Carreira, 2015; Ghaderi, Cahoon and Nguyen, 2015). It is widely acceptable in the current context to develop effective tools that will allow in managing the comprehensive plans that are attached with the growth and development. It isnt just about transporting freight, but also to provide assurance to the employees regarding the growth and development. Its also concerning employees and changing the communities (Li, Negenborn and De Schutter, 2014). It should const antly strive to develop an effective culture to deliver a dynamic environment to people and vigorously encouraging equal opportunity employment in all areas. The rail rods have an outstanding track record of safely transporting the goods. Additional, rail transportation is safer than any other mean of transportation. Government Intervention There is wide range of actions taken by the NSW government to resolve efficiency issues and take away barriers in order to gain innovation. The government has a policy to improve the intermodal system through better information. The short term vision is to develop a strategic vision for NSW freight logistic and to draw the agendas in order to manage the attention. It is the requisite possibilities to manage the freight database for the movement of goods within Sydney. On a medium term, the purpose is to improve freight modelling capabilities and work in order to develop a comprehensive integrated freight model. The project aim to approve Austin projects in order to investigate short term solutions and to examine the feasibility attached to a project. They work with state and federal government to standardise the rail gauges, to develop a long term plan for the container double stacking lastly by prioritising development of an intermodal rail freight terminal. The government is increa sing the efficiency of the transport system through an effective infrastructure and planning provisions. This can only be managed through developing partnership to identify the ground to identify and address freight issues. However it is further recommended to check the feasibility at outside hub. There is a role for both Government and industry: It has developed further competitiveness by closely working with the transport commission. This will allow in harmonizing the situation and attain accreditations and approval through an effective mechanism. The purpose is to address the critical issues taking place at the location of empty containers park, improving an ability to match the slot and to investigate into the matter. The company can gain possible outcome by arranging the global technology. Research and technology is helping n setting the desired goals and allowing in managing the frequencies in a better way. It is possible to examine the taxation incentives in order to support investment and to allow gaining an appropriate solution to promote productivity. This can only be managed by aligning the goals with the sustainable projects/ the ongoing innovation system help in allocating the desirable possibilities in managing the ill-effects associated with the project. In order to manage the situation, it is the possibility t o gain desired sight to manage the task in an appropriate way out. The long term purpose of this model is to manage the operational cost associated with the approach. It is recommended that an agenda must be prepared for actions that help government to device appropriate steps in this sector. The following action need to be taken in an effective form by managing the actions in the best possible way and to arrange the desired result in the most appropriate way. It is therefore applicable to gain a definite result by allocating the appropriate insight to manage the wide approach into the sector in managing the functions. The foundation of the industry largely depends upon the growth and development of infrastructure. A strengthen infrastructure will allow in an easy flow of intermodal system. In this way they are able to gain effectiveness through deployment of effective process development on a long run. . Any model need to consider the reverse flow necessary to recall and return war ranty claim. It is however important to ensure a regular logistic flow. Intermodal is an efficient model that is been used to manage the various inter-related factors. The purpose is to gain the relevancy in case of carrying goods from one place to other. It is possible to gain appropriate results and to manage the effectiveness associated with the system in the best possible way. Conclusion To conclude, the intermodal is an effective way to manage the logistics across the country. It is necessary to manage the challenges that are taking place in the current context by allocating the resources and by managing the work. It is important to gain preciseness in the logistics management and control. This will allow in managing the activities in the best possible way and by allocating the functions in order to maintain the regular supply of goods in Australia. The changing business scenario and rising necessity of an effective intermodal mechanism is important for gaining the efficiency. In this way the organization will be able to manage the excessive resources. For the reason the NSW Government is also contributing in managing the resources. This is applicable in managing the system in the best possible way. It is therefore necessary in managing the logistic supply through a better intervention and opportunities. This will allow in gaining an effective function and ability o n a long run. The function will help in managing activities in the best possible way. This has helped in enhancing continuing power of the Australian economy. Aurizon is well-placed to assist a continuous long-standing expansion in demand for coal and iron ore. For managing the changes in the environment, Intermodal is an effective function used to manage the functions . The intermodal is an effective tool to overcome issues occurring at an individual level. The number of accidents through the rail road is lesser than the truck. The rail roads have an outstanding track record of safely transporting the goods. The overall purpose related to the process is to guarantee cost structure and location transfer point. Some of the concern related to the business structure is playing an appropriate role in handling situat References Abc.net, 2017. Aurizon to close Rockhampton workshop, 180 employees affected. Online. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-01/aurizon-to-close-rockhampton-workshop/8581366 Accessed on: 19 Sept. 2017 Bhattacharya, A., Kumar, S.A., Tiwari, M.K. and Talluri, S., 2014. An intermodal freight transport system for optimal supply chain logistics.Transportation research part C: Emerging technologies,38, pp.73-84. Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J. and Seuring, S., 2014. Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions.European Journal of Operational Research,233(2), pp.299-312. Brindley, C. ed., 2017.Supply chain risk. Taylor Francis. Chambers, M.2017. Aurizon to shut intermodal business as it swings to loss, plans buyback. Online. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/aurizon-swings-to-loss-plans-buyback/news-story/cabe97dcca1e76933036cbd528ef2ff4 Accessed on: 19 Sept. 2017 Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Company Overview,2017. Online. Available at : https://www.aurizon.com.au/company/overview Accessed on: 19 Sep. 17 Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Ghaderi, H., Cahoon, S. and Nguyen, H.O., 2015. The symbiosis nexus between infrastructure provision and freight activity: the case of intermodal terminal system in Australia. InInternational Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure(pp. 1-8). Ghaderi, H., Namazi-Rad, M.R., Cahoon, S. and Fei, J., 2015. Improving the quality of rail freight services by managing the time-based attributes: the case of non-bulk rail network in Australia.World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research,5(3), pp.203-220. Layt,S.2017. Aurizon to shut Rockhampton rail workshop. Online. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/national/breaking-news/aurizon-to-close-central-qld-rail-workshop/news-story/49bd5a5f7031f5b91b2a9275223167e6 Accessed on: 19 Sept. 2017 Li, L., Negenborn, R.R. and De Schutter, B., 2014, October. Multi-agent cooperative transport planning of intermodal freight transport. InIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2014 IEEE 17th International Conference on(pp. 2465-2471). IEEE. Li, L., Negenborn, R.R. and De Schutter, B., 2015. Intermodal freight transport planninga receding horizon control approach.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,60, pp.77-95. Mathisen, T.A. and Hanssen, T.E.S., 2014. The academic literature on intermodal freight transport.Transportation Research Procedia,3, pp.611-620. Murdoch,S.2017. GW, Macquarie in race for Aurizons intermodal business. Online. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/dataroom/gw-macquarie-in-race-for-aurizons-intermodal-business/news-story/1cb8d079e839f21e3f5681f083c0356a Accessed on: 19 Sept. 2017 Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P., 2014.The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Santos, B.F., Limbourg, S. and Carreira, J.S., 2015. The impact of transport policies on railroad intermodal freight competitivenessThe case of Belgium.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,34, pp.230-244. Waters, D. and Rinsler, S., 2014.Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. Kogan Page Publishers. Woxenius, J., Macharis, C., Meers, D. and Woodburn, A., 2017. Intermodal freight transport management.

Final exam Review Guide Essay Example

Final exam Review Guide Essay Cohort: A non-experimental design in which a defined group of people (a cohort) is followed overtime to study outcomes for subsets of the cohorts; also called a prospective design. P. 234 prospective (cohort) designs (studies that begin with a resumed cause and look forward in time for its effect. 2. Randomized controlled (trial): A full experimental test of an intervention, involving random assignment to treatment groups; sometimes, phase Ill of a full clinical trial. Experiments (or randomized controlled trials [Rests]) Involve manipulation (the researcher manipulates the Independent variable by Introducing a treatment or Interventions control (Including use of a control group that Is not given the Intervention and represents the comparative contractually); and randomization or random assignment (with people allocated to experimental and control groups at random to arm groups that are comparable at the outset). P. 232 3. Factorial: (p . 14) experimental designs in which two or more independent variables are simultaneously manipulated, permitting a separate analysis of the main effects of the independent variables and their interaction. Terms (know definition and applicability) Contractually: chi 9 (p. 202) In a research context, a contractually Is what would have happened to the same people exposed to a causal factor If they simultaneously were not exposed to the causal factor. An effect represents the difference between hat actually did happen w ith the exposure and what would have happened without it. We will write a custom essay sample on Final exam Review Guide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Final exam Review Guide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Final exam Review Guide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This contractually model is an idealized conception that can never be realized, but it is a good model to keep in mind in designing a study to provide cause-and- effect evidence. Confounding: p. 177 The issue of contaminating factors?called confounding (or extraneous) variables. A variable that is extraneous to the research question and that confounds the relationship between the independent and dependent variables; confounding variables need to be controlled either in the research design or through statistical procedures. Causality: chi 9 (p. 01) cause effect Placebo: chi 9 A placebo or extemporaneously presumed to have no therapeutic value; for example, In studies of the effectiveness of drugs, some patients get the experimental drug and others get an innocuous substance. Placebos are used to to participants. (There can, however, be placebo effects?changes in the dependent variable attributable to the placebo condition?because of participants expectations of benefits or harms). Fa ctorial design: chi 9 (p. 214) When two or more independent variables are manipulated simultaneously and allow researchers to test both main effects and interaction effects. Randomized groups: Hawthorne Effect: p. 216 a placebo-type effect caused by peoples expectations. The term is derived from a set of experiments conducted at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Corporation in which various environmental conditions, such as light and working hours, were varied to test their effects on worker productivity. Regardless of what change was introduced, that is, whether the light was made better or worse, productivity increased. Knowledge of being included in the study (not Just knowledge of being in a particular group) appears to have affected peoples behavior, thus obscuring the effect of the treatment. . Masking: (chi 9 p. 233 ) Blinding (or masking) is sometimes used devoid biases stemming from participants or research agents awareness of group status restudy hypotheses. Single-blind studies involvement of one group (e. G. , participants) amendable-blind studies involve masking of two groups (e. G. ,participants, investigators). 2. Blinding: (same as masking) Also called Masking; Sometimes used to avoid biases stemming from participants or research agents awareness of group status or study hypotheses. . Prospective study: prospective (cohort) signs(studies that begin with a presumed cause and look forward in time for its effect) a. Cause Effect: Chi 9 p. 233 1. Switching replication design: p. 268 Replication studies are direct attempts to see if findings obtained in a study can be duplicated in another study. 2. Time series designs: In a time series design, there is no comparison group; information on the dependent variable is collected over a period of time before and after the intervention. Time series designs are often used in single-subject (N-of-l) experiments. 3. Nonequivalent control group pretest-posters: The nonequivalent intro group pretest-posters design involves using a normalized comparison group and the collection of pre-treatment data so that initial group equivalence can be assessed. 4. Quasi-experimental: Quasi-experimental designs (controlled trials without randomization) involve an intervention but lack randomization. Strong quasi- experimental designs include features in support of causal inferences. 5. ) After-only (posters-only) design: An experimental design in which data are collected from subjects only after the intervention has been introduced; also called an after-only design. ) Before-after (pretest-posters) design: An experimental design in which data are collected from subjects both before and after introducing an intervention; also called a before-after design. O Pretest-posters Design: chi 9 p. 233 A posters-only (or after-only)design invol ves collecting data only after an intervention. In a pretest-posters(or before-after) design, data are collected both before and after the intervention, permitting an analysis of change. ) Factorial design: An experimental design in which two or more independent variables are independent variables and their interaction. D) Crossover (repeated measures) sign : An experimental design in which one group of subjects is exposed to more than one condition or treatment, preferably in random order. 6. Manipulation (of Variable) : p. 203 factorial design p. 234 chi 1. Correlations Study: describe how phenomena are interrelated without invoking causal explanations. 2. Inebriate descriptive study: examine the frequency or average value of variables. 3. Cohort Study: prospective (cohort) designs studies that begin with a presumed cause and look forward in time for its effect. 4. Path Analysis: which test causal models developed on the basis of theory 5. Triangulation (in qualitative studies) : The use of multiple methods to collect and interpret data about a phenomenon, so as to converge on an accurate representation of reality. Types of correlation studies: p. 224 Although correlation studies are inherently weaker than experimental studies in elucidating cause-and-effect relationships, different designs offer different degrees of supportive evidence. Designs for correlation studies include: (1) retrospective (case-control) designs (which begin with the outcome and look back in time for antecedent causes of saneness by comparing cases that have a disease r condition with controls who do not) (2) prospective (cohort)designs (studies that begin with a presumed cause and look forward in time for its effect); (3) natural experiments (in which a group is affected by a seemingly random event, such as a disaster); (4) path analytic studies (which test causal models developed on the basis of theory). The aim of descriptive correlation research is to describe relationships among variables rather than to support inferences of causality. Example on page 232 Case control: (see below) Retrospective: p. 224 Also called Case-Control designs; Begin with the outcome ND look back in time for antecedent causes of saneness by comparing cases that Prospective: Also called Cohort designs; Studies that begin with a presumed cause and look forward in time for its effect. Crossover: When people are exposed to more than one experimental condition, administered in a randomized order, and thus serve as their own controls. CHAPTER p. 236-256 Rigor and Validity in Quantitative Research Limitations of research designs (quantitative): p. 216 see CHI 10 PPTP Controlling Intrinsic Source of Confounding Variability p. 237 CHI 10 1. Stratification: chi 9 10th division of a sample off population into smaller units e. G. , males and females), typically to enhance representatives or to explore results for subgroups of people; used in both sampling and in allocation to treatment groups. (238) 2. Randomization: chi 9 10 p. 237 The researcher assigns participants too control or experimental condition on a random basis. E most effective method of controlling individual characteristics. The primary function of randomization is to secure comparable groups?that is, to equalize groups with respect to confounding variables. 3. Crossover design: (p. 215) A crossover design involves exposing the same people to more than one condition. This type of within-subjects design has the advantage of ensuring the highest possib le equivalence among participants exposed to different conditions?the groups being compared are equal with respect to age, weight, health, and so on because they are composed of the same people. . Matching: (p. 238) Matching (also called pair matching) involves using information What is the best approach to help control extraneous variables? P. 2550 The issue of contaminating factors?called confounding (or extraneous) variables o The best control method is randomization to treatment conditions, which effectively intros all confounding variables?especially within the context of a crossover design. Four types of validity that affect the rigor of a quantitative study. Know types. CHI 10 1. Statistical conclusion validity: Statistical conclusion validity concerns the validity of inferences that there is an empirical relationship between variables (most often ,the presumed cause and the effect). 2. Internal validity: p. 255 Internal validity concerns inferences that out-comes were caused by the independent variable, rather than by factors extraneous to the research. Threats to internal validity include: p. 236 chi 10 1. Emperor ambiguity (lack of clarity about whether the pre-summed cause preceded the outcome), 2. Election (preexisting group differences), 3. History (the occurrence of events external to an independent variable that could affect outcomes), 4. Maturation (changes resulting from the passage of time), 5. Mortality (effects attributable to attrition), 6. Testing (effects of a pretest), 7. Instrumentation (changes in the way data are gathered). Internal validity can be enhanced through Judicious design decisions, but can also be addressed analytically (e. G. , through an analysis of selection or attrition biases). When people withdraw from study, an intention-to-treat analysis (analyzing outcomes for all people in their original treatment conditions) is preferred to a per- protocol analysis (analyzing outcomes only for those who received the full treatment as assigned) for maintaining the integrity of randomization. 3. Construct validity: p. 255 concerns inferences from the particular exemplars of a study (e. G. , the specific treatments, outcomes, people, and settings) to the higher-order constructs that they are intended to represent. The first step in fostering construct validity is a careful explication of those constructs. Threats to construct validity can occur if the personalization of a construct fails to incorporate all of the relevant characteristics of the construct or if it includes extraneous content. Examples of such threats include subject reactivity, researcher expectancies, novelty effects, compensatory effects, and treatment diffusion. 4. External validity- concerns whether inferences about observed relationships will hold over variations in persons, setting, time, or measures of the outcomes. External validity, then, is about the generalization of causal inferences, and this is a critical once for research that aims to yield evidence for evidence-based nursing practice. External validity can be enhanced by selecting representative people, settings, and When is a study internally valid? Study validity concerns the extent to which appropriate inferences can be made. Threats to validity are reasons that an inference could be wrong. A key function of quantitative research design is to rule out validity threats by exercising various types of control. Control over confounding participant characteristics is key to managing many validity threats. The best control method is randomization to retirement conditions, which effectively controls all confounding variables?especially within the context of a crossover design. CHAPTER 20: p. 487-514 Qualitative Research Design and Approaches CHI 20: Qualitative research traditions have their roots in: (p. 489) 1. Ethnocentric (roots Anthropology)- focuses on the culture of a group of people and relies on extensive fieldwork that usually includes participant observation and in-depth interviews with key informants. Ethan-graphs strive to acquire an mimic (insiders) perspective of a culture rather than antic (outsiders) perspective. 2. Ethnomusicology (roots Sociology): seeks to discover how people make sense of their everyday activities and interpret their social worlds, so as to behave in socially acceptable ways. Within this tradition, researchers attempt to understand a social groups norms and assumptions that are so deeply ingrained that immerse no longer think about the underlying reasons for their behaviors. 3. Hermeneutics (allied with Phenomenology): focuses on interpreting the meaning of experiences, rather than just describing them. Types of grounded theory studies: (p. 498) Grounded theory aims to discover theoretical precepts grounded in the data. Grounded theory researchers try to account for peoples actions by focusing on the main concern that the behavior is designed to resolve. 1. Substantive theory is grounded in data on a specific substantive area, such as postpartum depression. It can serve as a springboard for- 2. Formal grounded theory, which is at a higher level of conceptualization and is abstract of time, place, and persons. The goal of formal grounded theory is not to discover a new core variable but to develop a theory that goes beyond the substantive grounded theory and extends the general implications of the core variable. . Charismas constructivist grounded theory has emerged as a method to emphasize interpretive aspects in which the grounded theory is constructed from shared experiences and relationships between the researcher and study participants. O Qualitative description: p. 505 qualitative description is perhaps viewed as a distributed residual category'(p. 82) that signals a confederacy of diverse qualitative inquirers. CHI 21 sampling in Qualitative Research: 1. Sampling Plan: The formal plan specifying a sampling method, a sample size, and procedures for recruiting subjects. 2. Data Saturation: The collection of qualitative data to the point where a sense of closure is attained because new data yield redundant information. 3. Transferability: (p. 530) The extent to which qualitative findings can be transferred to other settings or groups; one of several models of generalization. 4. Reflexivity: In qualitative studies, critical self-reflection about ones own biases, preferences, and preconceptions. 5. Descriptive correlation: 6. Triangulation: The use of multiple methods to collect and interpret data about a phenomenon, so as to con-verge on an accurate representation of reality. . Patient- centered intervention: An intervention tailored to meet individual needs or characteristics. Use of Analysis of covariance for statistical control p. 443 Controlling confounding variables. Various approaches can be used to control confounding variables, many of which require measuring those variables. For example, for analysis of covariance, variables that are statistically controlled must be measured. P. 255 When randomization is not possible, other control methods include statistical control to remove the effect of a confounding variable statistically (e. G. , through analysis of covariance). Statistical power refers to the ability to detect true relationships among variables. Adequate statistical power can be achieved in various ways, the most straightforward of which is to use a sufficientl y large sample. When small samples are used, statistical power tends to be low, and the analyses may fail to show that the independent and dependent variables are related?even when they are. Another aspect of a powerful design concerns how the independent variable is defined. Typical sample size in qualitative study: (for various types of studies I. E. Phenomenology, grounded theory) p. 529 1. Ethnographers make numerous impaling decisions, including not only whom to sample, but also what to sample (e. G. , activities, events, documents, artifacts); decision making is often aided by their key informants who serve as guides and interpreters of the culture. 2. Phenomenological typically work with a small sample of people (10 or fewer) who meet the criterion of having lived the experience under study. . Grounded theory researchers typically use theoretical sampling in which sampling decisions are guided in an ongoing fashion by the emerging theory. Samples of about 20 to 30 people are typical in grounded theory studies. Typical sample size in grounded theory (see above) Types of Samples: 1. Convenience; p. 2761529 qualitative Convenience sampling entails using the most conv eniently available people as participants. A faculty member who distributes questionnaires to nursing students in a class is using a convenience sample. The nurse who conducts a study of teenage risk taking at a local high school is also relying on a convenience sample. The problem with convenience sampling is that those who are available might be a typical of the population with regard to critical variables. Weakest form of sampling 1. . Snowball: (p. 276/ 516) also called network sampling or chain sampling- is a variant of convenience sampling. With this approach, early sample members (called seeds) are asked to refer other people whom et the eligibility criteria. This sampling method is often used when the population is people with characteristics who might otherwise be difficult to identify (e. G. , people who are afraid of hospitals). Snowballing begins with a few eligible participants and then continues on the basis of participant referrals. 3. Purposive / Purposeful : (279) or Judgmental sampling uses researchers knowledge about the population to select sample members. Researchers might decide purposely to select people who are Judged to be typical of the population or particularly knowledgeable about the issues under study. 4. Responding to numerous criticisms and to their own evolving conceptualizations, a fifth criterion that is more distinctively within the constructivist paradigm was added: authenticity (Cuba Lincoln,1994). What is credibility in the- framework of quality criteria? P. 599 which refers to confidence in the truth value of the findings, is sometimes said to be the qualitative equivalent of internal validity. to the extent to which researchers fairly and faithfully show a range of different realities and convey the feeling tone of lives as they are lived.

How to Handle College Deferrals, Waitlists Rejections

How to Handle College Deferrals, Waitlists Rejections You worked hard in high school to earn high grades. You put in the time to research and visit colleges. You studied for and did well on important standardized tests. And you carefully completed and submitted all of your college applications. Unfortunately, all of that effort doesn’t guarantee an acceptance letter, especially if you’re applying to some of the country’s most selective colleges. Realize, however, that you can take steps to improve your admission chances even if your application has been deferred, waitlisted, and in some cases, rejected. Youve Been Deferred. What Now? Applying to college through an Early Action or Early Decision option is definitely a good idea if you know what school you want to attend, for your chances of admission are likely to be significantly higher than if you apply through regular admission. Students who apply early receive one of three possible outcomes: an acceptance, a rejection, or a deferral. A deferral indicates that the admissions folks thought your application was competitive for their school, but not strong enough to receive an early acceptance. As a result, the college is deferring your application so that they can compare you with the regular applicant pool. This limbo can be frustrating, but it isn’t time to despair. Plenty of deferred students do, in fact, get admitted with the regular applicant pool, and there are several steps you can take when deferred  to maximize your chances of being admitted. In most cases, it can be to your advantage to write a letter to the college to reaffirm your interest in the school and present any new information that strengthens your application.   How to Deal With College Waitlists Being placed on a waitlist can be even more frustrating than a deferral. Your first step is to learn what it means to be on a waitlist. Youve essentially become a back-up for the college in case it misses its enrollment targets. Its not an enviable position to be in: typically you wont learn that youve gotten off of a waitlist until after May 1st, the day high school seniors make their  final college decisions.   As with college deferrals, there are steps you can take to help you get off a waitlist. The first, of course, is to accept a place on the waitlist. This is certainly something you should do if you are still interested in attending the school that waitlisted you.   Next, unless the college tells you not to, you should write a letter of continued interest. A good letter of continued interest  should be positive and polite, restate your enthusiasm for the college, and, if applicable, present any new information that could strengthen your application. Keep in mind that you are most likely going to need to make your decision about other colleges before you learn whether or not youve gotten off a waitlist. To be safe, you should move forward as if youve been rejected by schools that waitlisted you. Unfortunately, this means that should you get off a waitlist, you may need to forfeit your admissions deposit at another college. Can You Appeal a College Rejection? Whereas a deferral or waitlist places you in admissions limbo, a college rejection letter is typically an unambiguous conclusion to the application process. That said, at some schools in some situations, you can appeal a rejection decision. Be sure to find out whether or not the college allows appeals- some schools have explicit policies stating that an admissions decision is final and appeals are not welcome. There are, however, some situations that warrant an appeal. This can include a clerical error on part of the college or your high school, or a major piece of new information that strengthens your application. If you conclude that you are in a situation where an appeal makes sense, youll want to employ strategies to make your appeal effective. Part of the process, of course, will involve writing an appeal letter to the college that politely outlines the justification for your appeal. Be Realistic About Your Chances In all of the situations above, its important to keep your admissions chances in perspective. You should always have a plan in place should you not be admitted. If deferred, the good news is that you werent rejected. That said, your admissions chances are similar to the rest of the applicant pool, and highly selective schools send out far more rejection letters than acceptance letters.   If youve been waitlisted, you are more likely to stay on the waitlist than to be admitted. You should move forward as if youve been rejected: visit the schools that have accepted you and choose to attend the one that is the best match for your personality, interests, and professional goals. Finally, if youve been rejected, you have nothing to lose by appealing, but it is certainly a Hail Mary effort. Like a student who has been waitlisted, you should move forward as if the rejection is final. If you get good news, great, but dont plan on your appeal being successful.

Information and Systems Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information and Systems Security - Essay Example But with this ease of information access comes the issue of security. With the increase of information flow, there has been an increase in the number of attacks on information by hackers. Attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks, Spoofs, Sniffing, etc. have increased with the increase in the availability of hacking tools which are free of cost. Valuable information is lost in the process. For example, if a customer buys a product of a particular organization through their web-site and a hacker presents himself as the organization and receives the money from the customer, valuable information such as the ID of the customer, his credit card numbers, his passwords are all stolen by the hacker. Therefore such information has to be transferred securely over the Internet. Encryption is the most common way of securing valuable information while transmitting over the Internet (Rahman, 2003). Networks are secured in a different manner. They are secured using tools called "Firewalls". W henever transactions or information between a customer and an organization are being carried out, a particular pattern is followed. Firewalls recognize and allow only these transactions or processes to be carried out and block out all the unrecognized patterns. By implementing Firewalls, most of the attacks from the hackers can be kept out. Securing a network just does not happen. There are many issues to be considered when making policies for network security. The three main issues back in the earlier days were Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Due to the advances in the technologies, these issues have been mostly resolved. But in the present day Networks, other issues have appeared. These issues will eventually result in the breaching of confidentiality, integrity and availability thereby defeating the cause of coming up with Network Security policies. Security Factors Confidentiality: Confidentiality is ensuring that sensitive information does not fall into the hands of those who are not authorized to have it (Dhillon, 2001). Confidentiality is also known as secrecy or privacy. Integrity: Integrity means that the information is protected against unauthorized changes that are not detectable to authorized users (Kinkus, nd). Authenticity: Authentication means that the parties involved in communication first prove their identity before communication can begin (Tipton & Krause, 2007). Threats Risk to Data Data is the most crucial asset of a company. Remote Data Backups Inc, a leader in data security mentions the following possible reasons for threats to data (RemoteDataBackups.com, 2007): Hard Drive Failures: Hard drives are mechanical magnetic storage devices that are extremely susceptible to failure. Head crashes, circuit board shorts, electrostatic shocks, power surges, etc. can all lead to immediate crash of the hard drives. Viruses: Dangerous viruses can easily wipe out tones of data in matter of seconds. They are designed to affect nearly all parts of an IT system such as Operating Systems, Applications, Networks and Databases. System Changes: Making any inadvertent changes to an IT system may render the system useless. Power Failure: Power surges, sags and failures can damage hard drives

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 20

Business - Essay Example There are various steps involved in developing and implementing organizational strategies. These steps are important part of strategic planning process. According to the requirements of a company, strategic planning process is developed. Based on that planning process a company is able to build strong and effective strategies. In this planning process an organization analyse its external and internal environment. If the strategy fits with the company’s criteria and expectations then as per the plan, strategy is implemented by the organization. In this case study the importance of strategic planning in developing organizational strategies has been critically evaluated. Many explanations are reasons are provided for showing the importance of strategic planning in forming strategies. There are some negative aspects of strategic planning for which this planning process is avoided by some companies. Strategic planning process mainly relies on figures, analysis, forecasts etc. If those data are not updated then the entire planning process and the strategy becomes wrong. Planning process of strategy consumes huge amount of time. As a result it is not always possible for companies to spend so much time in planning strategies. Sometimes strategic planning process increases confusion in developing strategies (Hooley, Piercy, and Nicoulaud, 2012). But if these factors are handled tactfully then strategic planning contributes a lot in developing effective strategies. Companies get a clear idea about its strengths and weakness by conducting strategic planning process. They can utilize its strengths effectively with the help of good strategic which is only possible through strategic plans. Top managers and Board of Directors of a company make strategic decisions. But before forming a strategy they do different types of analysis programs to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy.

Dissertation plan, outline, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dissertation plan, outline, - Essay Example Romanosky, S, Telang, R, & Acquisti, A 2011, Do data breach disclosure laws reduce identity theft?, Journal Of Policy Analysis & Management, 30, 2, pp. 256-286, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 15 November 2012. The study will cover the history of identity theft in cyber, and forms of these frauds. Some focus will be towards the public awareness about these forms of fraud and how to contain this. There will also be close examination on the effectiveness of the different techniques that have been employed in curbing these challenges. The climax of it all will be on how to educate public on use computing and network settings to avoid such frauds. Therefore most attention will be on educating the public the settings. First, I will do a background research to find out information of identity theft in the field of computing and networking. In this project, I will list down various techniques that can be used to avoid identity theft in this particular field. Secondly, Numerous testing will be carried out, mostly on electrical machines and internet such as computers, phones, iPads to find out major areas where identity theft is conducted. Lastly, I will then formulate techniques of preventing such occurrence and possibilities such as creating passwords and log in options in the machines. The proposed study does not entail ethical considerations since the research majors on finding out methods in computing and networking settings that assist an individual to avoid identity theft rather than promoting ethical manners in the field and society. 14. What study materials will you use? (Please give full details here of validated scales, bespoke questionnaires, interview schedules, focus group schedules etc and attach all materials to the application) 17. Declaration: The information supplied is, to the best of my knowledge and belief,

Pluralist and ruling elite accounts of power

Pluralist and ruling elite accounts of power Pluralist Power Political Compare and contrast the pluralist and ruling elite accounts of political power This essay will discuss the above question and analyse the relevance of similarities and differences to the modern political system. It will look at empirical evidence from a number of pluralist and elite writers and explain the weaknesses in both arguments. The differentiation of the distribution of political power between the pluralist and elitist accounts is relatively simple to determine loosely. The elite approach argues that there is one group which dominates in a political system, although that class is not necessarily determined by the economic system. Pluralist theories state that political power should be regarded as analytically distinct from economic power and, in contrast to elitists, power is not concentrated in the hands of a single group, but widely dispersed among a variety of groups and actors.1 The central position of pluralist power is that all citizens have a chance to become politically active through either individual or group action. Views are represented in policy making not only through representative elections but also through the participatory mechanism of group politics. The process of decision making is merely the outcome between different groups, with government institutions acting as a mediator. No group tends to dominate this process because of the plurality of political resources. The diverse base of group power means that if a group has little money, it may call on public opinion to sustain its views in the decision making process. The electoral mechanism assumes that government doesn’t persistently favour one group as bias alienates the government from the rest. The government acts as a broker, independent from interest, and responds to pressure from different sides. The outcome of the policy making process is an even gamble – all win some bets and lose others, in contrast to the elitist view that the odds are stacked in favour of the house.2 Mosca used the term ruling class to denote the permanent group of organised rulers in society, but his use of the term ‘class’ creates an element of confusion in that his ruling class is very different in its function and characteristics from those of the Marxists. Power exercised by Mosca’s ruling class occurs from the organisational capacity of the ruling minority. This is the basis for their power and the characteristics that distinguishes them from the powerless minority.3 Criticism of classical elite theorists by writers such as Meisel centres on the notion that the ruling elite is claimed to be a class.4 It is an important idea in Pareto’s theory and Mosca founds the power of the elite on their greater organisational capacity. The three functions that Meisel identifies Mosca’s elite must have – consciousness, coherence and conspiracy, mean that such an elite should be able to maintain itself purely by its organisational capacity, its ability to adapt to new forces and its dynamic positive relationship expressed through the rule of law. The elite in a modern sense connotes a looser group of individuals, each exercising power and united by one or more factors such as wealth, social origin or achievement. What remains of classical elite theory is the powerlessness of the masses and the rational unifying capacities of the minority groups. Power pluralists such as Dahl and Polsby argue that a pluralist approach is far more rigorous than the elitist model when determining the distribution of power in political systems. Power is defined as an ability to influence policy outcomes rather than having a reputation for power. Studies of power distribution should be analysed using empirical methods finding those groups responsible for the decision making process Dahl contended that ‘although there are many different approaches and theories of power, so long as we can subject the hypothesis contained within these thesis’ to empirical investigation then it will be possible to arrive at an all embracing definition of power’.5 The pluralist approach stresses a need to look at actual decision making. A study by Dahl in 1965 looked at electoral apportionment, urban development and education to see who tended to dominate. The conclusion showed that it was impossible to identify a single powerful elite. Decision making tended to be a complex bargaining process between a plurality of different sectors. Pluralist theory has not been unchallenged by elite theory. Elite theories emphasise the stability and survival of political rule through the visible exercise of power. The difference of perspective results in research methods which are more approximate in their definition of power distribution. ‘Power involves relationships between individuals and groups, both controllers and controlling. It is a relatively constant factor in social relationships with policies as a variable and structured on national and local levels’.6 Elitists argue that expressed or perceived political preferences can be distinguished from objective interests. But this is because of the influence of the dominant class circulating a political formula, as Mosca put it. In this approach such perceived intent is the product of a power relationship rather than the pluralist approach of being the basis for understanding these relationships. In elite theory, where perceived interests differ from objective interests, evidence of the dominant class shaping the values of those whose power is exercised can be seen. Pluralists ignore the concept of objective values as it suggests that group goals can be determined from information of the social or economic nature of the group. They argue that such goals are vague and contradictory and difficult to determine.7 Marxist theories have tended to show a link between economic and political power. The notion that there is a political authority which can be separate from economic relationships is one which runs through Western politics. Aristotle argued that the polis allowed free men to take decisions, for the good of the citizens and not for the private advantage of the powerful.8 Hegel distinguishes between the public authority of the state as distinct from the relationships that prevail in civil society.9 This view is widely shared in pluralist political science that since power is a type of influence, a power holder may owe his power to his wealth, ability, reputation or any favourable position with regard to any value.10 Elite theory argues that the basis for assessing political power lies in the assessment of the degree in which particular groups can produce policy outcomes which are in their interests. Pluralist approaches reject the idea that an explanation can be based on the argument of the policy outcome with the interests of a certain group or class. Rather they argue the need to establish that a group consciously wants a particular policy outcome and take successful measures to secure it.11 Just as important as the plurality of resources, pluralist approaches stress the ability to transform the potential of those resources into the actual exercise of power. It’s not enough for a leader to be popular; he must have strategies to exercise his influence. In this sense power is not something that individuals and groups do; rather it is something gained through the deployment of political resources in order to achieve objectives.12 Power in pluralist analysis, is not just a property given or denied on the basis of social or economic position. The link between these and political power is weakened by the fact that strong political resources can coexist with weak political influence through the influence of inappropriate strategies. Like elite theory, pluralist theory doesn’t assume that those in formal positions of authority are necessarily those with political power. Those without policy making authority may be highly influential, and vice-versa. Where elitists differ from pluralist approach is that they argue that the influence of outside powers of government is limited to those exercised by specific economic and social classes. Pluralists stress that the types of pressures on government come from a wider array of different types of interest. Whilst they cannot suggest that there is a perfect distribution of power in government decision making, pluralists argue that more groups are involved in decision making than elitists, who claim that a particular class or group has a monopoly of influence.13 A study in 1980 showed the style of policy making in the UK. When drafting legislation based upon engineering reports, the government consulted over 500 groups, 16 of which were deemed to be influential.14 There is now a clear distribution between the two strands of modern elite theory. Mainstream elitism refers mainly to the interaction and function of ruling and strategic elites, and though it differs in emphasis from earlier theories, the normative assumptions are not that different from classical elitist like Pareto. The second strand of elite theory is neo-elitism, and is highly critical of both mainstream elitism and pluralism, which it regards as a revision of democratic theory.15 Its main issue with pluralism is over the community power debate, which had implications for the definition of power. There are many criticisms of pluralism who object to its normative implications. ‘Elitist ideals can logically contrast with facts without being invalidated by empirical research which does not in any obvious way call for its general revision’.16 It is argued that pluralists ignore the ‘face of power’ which contains the scope of decision-making to safe issues. The main weakness of the pluralist approach to power is that it is a description instead of an analysis of power relationships. This has been recognised because, if true, the elitist idea of the importance of non-observable influences and constraints from one group would have important repercussions for the way that western political systems are characterised.17 Elite theory is still opposed to class analysis at several levels, arguing the interests and power of elites are not based on economic factors. Elitism lends itself to a concentration on organisational identification of power. These differences in orientation separate elitism and pluralism, rather than the argument over the distribution of power. Power is not central to elite analysis; it is given in a certain way.18 The main criticism of elitism is that it assumes what it should be proving – the distribution of power. The other major similarity between the two theories is the idea of democratic elitism. This suggests that modification of democratic theory accepts that most citizens do not take part in politics. It argues that a number of elites who are forced to compete for power through public support, as is the case with party politics. The most influential democratic elitists were Schumpeter and Dahl, who argued that elites could exist whilst democracy was in place. They also stress that elites do exist but are in control of different policy areas. Schumpeter stated that the key to democracy was the existence of the mechanism which forces elites to compete for support and that the majority of citizens aren’t capable of taking part in governing.19 Dahl analysed these ideas forming the argument that politics is a ployarchy, essentially meaning rule by a number of elites. This reworking of pluralism into pluralist elitism is the synthesis of the two theories. References 1 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaf, 1985) P107 2 P.Norris, Do Capitalists Rule (Oxford: Robertson, 1982) P194 3 P.Bachrach, Theory of Democratic Elitism (Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1967) P64 4 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P79 5 R.Dahl, Critique of the Ruling Elite model (New York: Macmillan, 1958) P463 6 A.Birch, Concepts and Theories of Modern Democracy (London: Routledge, 1993) P6 7 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P85 8 Aristotle, The Politics (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972) P271 9 G.Hegel, Philosophy of Right (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968) P78 10 N.Polsby, Community Power and Political Theory (London: Penguin, 1961) P96 11 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P116 12 F.Castles, Decisions, Organisation and Society (Middlesex: Penguin, 1971) P83 13 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P114 14 J.Richardson, Governing Under Pressure (Oxford: Robertson, 1979) P126 15 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P89 16 P.Bachrach, Theory of Democratic Elitism (Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1967) P122 17 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P121 18 R.Dahl, Critique of the Ruling Elite model (New York: Macmillan, 1958) P254 19 P.Bachrach, Theory of Democratic Elitism (Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1967) P78 Bibliography Aristotle, The Politics (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972) Bachrach.P, Theory of Democratic Elitism (Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1967) Birch.A, Concepts and Theories of Modern Democracy (London: Routledge, 1993) Castles.F, Decisions, Organisation and Society (Middlesex: Penguin, 1971) Cox.A, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) Dahl.R, Critique of the Ruling Elite model (New York: Macmillan, 1958) Hegel.G, Philosophy of Right (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968) Norris.P, Do Capitalists Rule (Oxford: Robertson, 1982) Polsby.N, Community Power and Political Theory (London: Penguin, 1961) Richardson.J, Governing Under Pressure (Oxford: Robertson, 1979)

Personal Narrative: Negative Changes in my Dad :: essays research papers

He makes me feel like I am like none-other, but not in a respectable manner. I remember his eyes, lifeless and dark. His smile had a revengeful look upon it, his canine teeth set in his mouth as if her were a vampire. His heart was cold and full of hate. I remember some of the memories as if they were yesterday. His words would cut me through me faster and deeper then any scalpel could. He smelled of cigarettes and coffee on a daily basis, but tried to always cover the smell with the horrendous Brut cologne. It seems clichà © but all I remember is all the bad, none of the good. I remember the late night fights. All I did was sit in the corner of my plain room. Staring at my plain room that only consisted of a dresser that stood up to my chest, and a twin size squeaky bed. My covers were pink and right above and to the left of the bed, in the corner of the ceiling draped a net filled with my stuffed animals. I would sit and think, trying to drown out the screaming. The words of hate were thrown like daggers from dad to mom. I remember hearing the thundering of mom going down the stairs, but it was not by her own will. I remember hearing the screams of â€Å"I hate you† being yelled at dad, and the yelling of â€Å"You cheated, and you were caught, just admit to it damn it!† I remember when we moved for the second time, the fighting progressively got worse. My mom gave my dad chances to come clean, and to be sorry, but the day where he would say â€Å"I am sorry† never came. My dad left July 4th, 2005 while I was away in New York and it wasn’t until I arrived that my parents told my brother and I that they were going to get a divorce. We were in my dinning room, my chair faced the bookshelf walls, to which I would spend all of dinner time staring at the picture of my grandfather’s picture. We ate meatloaf and mashed potatoes, and corn and green beans. The meatloaf hat tomato paste drooping on top, with sliced onions backed into the paste, the potatoes had sour cream in them to make them smooth. The corn lightly dusted with black pepper setting in a buttery sauce, while the green beans were simple and out of the can.